Exercise 38 Anatomy of the Digestive System

R E V I E W NAME ____________________________________ LAB cartridge holder/DATE _______________________ S H E E T deed 38 Anatomy of the Digestive System General Histological purpose of the Alimentary Canal 1. The general anatomical features of the alimentary canal atomic number 18 listed below. Fill in the table to complete the in representation. Subdivisions of the seam (if applicable) Wall bottom mucosa submucosa muscularis externa serosa or adventitia Major meshs epithelium, lamina propria, (not applicable) ecretion, absorption defense protection, vascular supply for mucosa churning, mixing protection, anchoring circular and longitudinal (not applicable) organs of the Alimentary Canal 2. The tubelike digestive system canal that extends from the express to the anus is known as the canal or the digestive tract. it has an innermost layer that runs obliquely alimentary 3. How is the muscularis externa of the stomach modified? ______________________________________________ ______________ ______________________________________ How does this modification relate to the serve well of the stomach? lets the stomach ix, churn and move food along trac fleck breaking it down and mixing it in gastric juices ____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ squamous cells in the oesophagus to columna 4. What transition in epithelial type exists at the gastroesophageal combination? in the gastric mucosa ____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ simple columnar absorb. How do the epithelia of these dickens organs relate to their specific functions? Stratified squamous protect ____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ 5. Differentiate among the colon and the heroic intestine. large intestine extend from the ileocecal valve to the anus, bu the colon is carve up into the ascending, descending, sigmoid colon ____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 259 6. Match the items in column B with the descriptive statements in column A. Column A l y o c n w h d b s h p i v e j x b v k t r u f z y a g , t 1. 2. 3. 4. , v 6. 7. social system that suspends the small intestine from the posterior body wall fingerlike extensions of the enteral mucosa that increase the surface area for absorption large collections of lymphoid tissue prove in the submucosa of the small intestine deep folds of the mucosa and submucosa that extend completely or partially around the ircumference of the small intestine 5. regions that break down foodstuffs mechanically mo insolence organ that manipulates food in the mouth and initiates swallowing conduit for both air and food y , 8. three structures uninterrupted with and representing modifications of the peritoneum the gullet no digestive/absorptive function Column B a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. anus appendix circular folds esophagus frenulum greater omentum hard palate haustra ileocecal valve large intestine lesser omentum mesentery 9. 10. olds of the gastric mucosa 11. 12. 13. carrier bagculations of the large intestine projections of the plasm membrane of a mucosal epithelial cell valve at the combination of the small and large intestines m. microvilli n. o. p. q. r. s. t. u. v. oral nether region parietal peritoneum Peyers patches throat pyloric valve rugae small intestine soft palate stomach 14. unproblematic region of food and water absorption 15. membrane securing the diction to the scandalize of the mouth 16. absorbs water and forms feces 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. rea between the odontiasis and lips/cheeks wormlike sac that outpockets from the caecum initiates protein digestion structure attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach organ distal to the stomach valve controlling food movement from the stomach into the duodenum p osterosuperior enclosure of the oral cavity location of the hepatopancreatic anatomical sphincter through which pancreatic secretions and saddle sore pass serous lining of the abdominal cavity wall leading site for the synthesis of vitamin K by microorganisms region containing two sphincters through which feces are expelled from the body pearl-supported anterosuperior boundary of the oral cavity . tongue x. y. z. vestibule villi visceral peritoneum 260 Review ragtime 38 7. the right way hear all organs depicted in the diagram oral cavity paratoid gland mouth sublingual gland pharynx submanibulargland esphogus gall vesica liver hepatic portal region cystic groove bile transmission channel hepatic pancreatic sphincter accessory pancreatic epithelial duct hepatic flexure jejunum ascending colon ileum rectum illiocecal vavle anal canal cecum appendix anus transverse colon decsending colon sigmond colon pancreas cardiac sphincter pyllitic sphincter Review Sheet 38 261 8. You h ave studied the histological structure of a number of organs in this laboratory.Three of these are diagrammed below. Identify and correctly label each. (a) ____________________(b) ________________________(c) ____________________ Accessory Digestive Organs 9. Correctly label all structures provided with leader lines in the diagram of a poor boy below. (Note Some of the terms in the key for question 10 may be helpful in this task. ) adorn dentin top side physical body cavity gum Neck periodontal ligament Bone root cementum rooteneal Blood vessels and nerves in pulp 262 Review Sheet 38 10. Use the key to identify each tooth area described below. c b e f j p g j a 1. isible portion of the tooth in situ 2. material covering the tooth root 3. hardest substance in the body 4. attaches the tooth to bone and surrounding alveolar structures 5. portion of the tooth enter in bone 6. forms the major portion of tooth structure similar to bone 7. produces the dentin 8. site of blood vessel s, nerves, and lymphatics 9. entire portion of the tooth covered with enamel the number of permanent teeth is Key a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. 32 anatomical crown cementum clinical crown dentin enamel gingiva odontoblast periodontal ligament pulp root . 20 11.In the human, the number of deciduous teeth is 2,1,2,3 12. The dental formula for permanent teeth is 2 2,1,2,3 Explain what this means. 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars and 3 molars on upper teeth. 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars and 3 molars on upper teeth. multiple by 2 2,1,0,2 What is the dental formula for the deciduous teeth? 2,1,0,2 13. What teeth are the science teeth? the third set of molars 2 20 14. Various types of glands form a part of the alimentary tube wall or duct their secretions into it. Match the glands listed in column B with the function/locations described in column A. Column A a f 1. 2. . 4. produce(s) mucus order in the submucosa of the small intestine produce(s) a product containing amylase that b egins starch breakdown in the mouth produce(s) a whole spectrum of enzymes and an alkaline fluid that is secreted into the duodenum produce(s) bile that it secretes into the duodenum via the bile duct Column B a. b. c. d. e. f. duodenal glands gastric glands enteral crypts liver pancreas salivary glands e d b c 5. produce(s) HCl and pepsinogen 6. found in the mucosa of the small intestine produce(s) intestinal juice 15. Which of the salivary glands produces a secretion that is mainly serous? ublingual salviary gland Review Sheet 38 263 16. What is the role of the gallbladder? store bile bile duct , 17. Name three structures always found in the portal triplet regions of the liver. portal venule and poral arteriole 18. Where would you expect to find the Kupffer cells of the liver? What is their function? inside sinusoid walls they line the sinus and remove bacteria plasma protiens 19. why is the liver so dark red in the living animal? 20. The pancreas has two major populations of s ecretory cellsthose in the islets and the acinar cells. Which population serves the digestive process? acinar cells 264 Review Sheet 38